Two-step compressed acquisition method for Doppler frequency and Doppler rate estimation in high-dynamic and weak signal environments

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2021.000072

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 831-840.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2021.000072

收稿日期:2020-06-09 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-09-30

Two-step compressed acquisition method for Doppler frequency and Doppler rate estimation in high-dynamic and weak signal environments

Chao WU^1,^2,*(), Erxiao LIU¹(), Zhihua JIAN¹()

¹ School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
² School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710082, China

Received:2020-06-09 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-09-30
Contact: Chao WU E-mail:wuchao@126.com;liuerxiao@hdu.edu.cn;jianzh@hdu.edu.cn
About author:|WU Chao was born in 1988. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from Xidian University, China in 2016. Now he works in Hangzhou Dianzi University. His research interests include GNSS signal acquisition and tracking. E-mail: wuchao@126.com||LIU Erxiao was born in 1984. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from Xidian University, China in 2013. Now he works in Hangzhou Dianzi University. His research interest is navigation signal processing. E-mail: liuerxiao@hdu.edu.cn||JIAN Zhihua was born in 1978. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China in 2008. Now he works in Hangzhou Dianzi University. His research interests include signal detection and tracking. E-mail: jianzh@hdu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61901154; 41704154), and Zhejiang Province Science Foundation for Youths (LQ19F010006)

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

To acquire global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals means four-dimension acquisition of bit transition, Doppler frequency, Doppler rate, and code phase in high-dynamic and weak signal environments, which needs a high computational cost. To reduce the computations, this paper proposes a two-step compressed acquisition method (TCAM) for the post-correlation signal parameters estimation. Compared with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) based methods, TCAM uses fewer frequency search points. In this way, the proposed method reduces complex multiplications, and uses real multiplications instead of improving the accuracy of the Doppler frequency and the Doppler rate. Furthermore, the differential process between two adjacent milliseconds is used for avoiding the impact of bit transition and the Doppler frequency on the integration peak. The results demonstrate that due to the reduction of complex multiplications, the computational cost of TCAM is lower than that of the FFT based method under the same signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Key words: high-dynamic and weak signal environment, compressed acquisition, frequency parameters estimation

. [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(4): 831-840.

Chao WU, Erxiao LIU, Zhihua JIAN. Two-step compressed acquisition method for Doppler frequency and Doppler rate estimation in high-dynamic and weak signal environments[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(4): 831-840.

图/表 11

参考文献 32

1	KONG S H High sensitivity and fast acquisition signal processing techniques for GNSS receivers: from fundamentals to state-of-the-art GNSS acquisition technologies. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2017, 34 (5): 59- 71. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2017.2714201
2	QAISAR S U, BENSON C R Processing cost of Doppler search in GNSS signal acquisition: measuring Doppler shift in navigation satellite signals. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2017, 34 (5): 53- 58. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2017.2715979
3	XIE F, SUN R, KANG G H, et al A jamming tolerant BeiDou combined B1/B2 vector tracking algorithm for ultra-tightly coupled GNSS/INS systems. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2017, 70, 265- 276. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2017.08.019
4	GAO F Q, XIA H X Fast GNSS signal acquisition with Doppler frequency estimation algorithm. GPS Solutions, 2018, 22 (4): 1- 13.
5	ZENG Q X, QIU W Q, ZHANG P N, et al A fast acquisition algorithm based on division of GNSS signals. Journal of Navigation, 2018, 71 (4): 933- 954. doi: 10.1017/S0373463317000984
6	JUAN B O, ROSA A V, FERNANDO G C Energy efficient GNSS signal acquisition using singular value decomposition (SVD). Sensors, 2018, 18 (5): 1586. doi: 10.3390/s18051586
7	WU C, GAO Y Low-computation GNSS signal acquisition method based on a complex signal phase in the presence of sign transitions. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2020, 56 (6): 4177- 4191. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2020.2988183
8	GUO W F, NIU X J, GUO C, et al A new FFT acquisition scheme based on partial matched filter in GNSS receivers for harsh environments. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2016, 61, 66- 72.
9	KONG S H A deterministic compressed GNSS acquisition technique. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, 2013, 62 (2): 511- 521. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2012.2220989
10	KONG S H, KIM B Two-dimensional compressed correlator for fast PN code acquisition. IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, 2013, 12 (11): 5859- 5867. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2013.092313.130407
11	ZHU C, FAN X N A novel method to extend coherent integration for weak GPS signal acquisition. IEEE Communications Letters, 2015, 19 (8): 1343- 1346. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2015.2448101
12	KONG S H SDHT for fast detection of weak GNSS signals. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2015, 33 (11): 2366- 2378. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2015.2430291
13	QIN F, ZHAN X Q, ZHAN L Performance assessment of a low-cost inertial measurement unit based ultra-tight global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system integration for high dynamic applications. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2014, 8 (7): 828- 836.
14	ZHAN X Q, QIN F, DU G Improvement of global navigation satellite system signal acquisition using different grade inertial measurement units for high dynamic applications. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2014, 8 (3): 233- 241.
15	MA G J, YU B G, JIA R C, et al INS-aided high dynamic GNSS rapid acquisition and stable tracking. Radio Engineering, 2016, 46 (2): 23- 26.
16	DUAN R F, LIU R K, ZHOU Y, et al A carrier acquisition and tracking algorithm for high-dynamic weak signal. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2013, 187, 211- 219.
17	GOMEZ-CASCO D, LOPEZ-SALCEDO J A, SECO-GRANADOS G Optimal post-detection integration techniques for the reacquisition of weak GNSS signals. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2020, 56 (3): 2302- 2311. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2019.2948449
18	ZHANG W, GHOGHO M Computational efficiency improvement for unaided weak GPS signal acquisition. Journal of Navigation, 2012, 65 (2): 363- 375. doi: 10.1017/S0373463311000737
19	LO PRESTI L, ZHU X, FANTINO M, et al GNSS signal acquisition in the presence of sign transition. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2009, 3 (4): 557- 570. doi: 10.1109/JSTSP.2009.2024592
20	MA F H, GUO F C, YANG L Direct position determination of moving sources based on delay and Doppler. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2020, 20 (14): 7859- 7869. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2980012
21	YANG C, NGUYEN T, BLASCH E, et al. Post-correlation semi-coherent integration for high-dynamic and weak GPS signal acquisition. Proc. of the IEEE/ION Position, Location & Navigation Symposium, 2008: 1341−1349.
22	YU W, ZHENG B, WATSON R, et al Differential combining for acquiring weak GPS signals. Signal Processing, 2007, 87 (5): 824- 840. doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2006.08.004
23	LI X S, GUO W Efficient differential coherent accumulation algorithm for weak GPS signal bit synchronization. IEEE Communications Letters, 2013, 17 (5): 936- 939. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2013.031913.130267
24	ESTEVES P, SAHMOUDI M, BOUCHERET M L Sensitivity characterization of differential detectors for acquisition of weak GNSS signals. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2016, 52 (1): 20- 37. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2015.130470
25	WU C, XU L P, ZHANG H, et al An improved acquisition method for GNSS in high dynamic environments: differential acquisition based on compressed sensing theory. Navigation, 2017, 64 (1): 23- 24. doi: 10.1002/navi.173
26	LUO Y R, ZHANG L, HANG R An acquisition algorithm based on FRFT for weak GNSS signals in a dynamic environment. IEEE Communications Letters, 2018, 22 (6): 1212- 1215. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2828834
27	FOUCRAS M, JULIEN O, MACABIAU C, et al Probability of detection for GNSS signals with sign transitions. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2016, 52 (3): 1296- 1308. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2016.140316
28	FAN B, ZHANG K, QIN Y L, et al Discrete chirp-Fourier transform-based acquisition algorithm for weak global positioning system L5 signals in high dynamic environments. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2013, 7 (7): 736- 746.
29	WU C, XU L P, ZHANG H, et al A block zero-padding method based on DCFT for L1 parameter estimations in weak signal and high dynamic environments. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2015, 16 (9): 796- 804.
30	LI H, CUI X W, LU M Q, et al Dual-folding based rapid search method for long PN-code acquisition. IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, 2008, 7 (12): 5286- 5296. doi: 10.1109/T-WC.2008.071130
31	LI H, LU M Q, CUI X W, et al Generalized zero-padding scheme for direct GPS P-code acquisition. IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, 2009, 8 (6): 2866- 2871. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2009.081471
32	SIMON M K Probability distributions involving Gaussian random variables. Springer US, 2006.

Process	DCFT^[29]	BASIC^[21]	TCAM
Preparing process multiplication	$\begin{array}{l}{N_B}\left(\dfrac{ { {N_s} } }{ { {N_B} } } - 1\right)\cdot\\{M_1}\left( \begin{array}{l}{\rm{ } }{M_2}\\{ {\rm{log} }_2}{M_2}\end{array} \right)\end{array}$	$\begin{array}{l} N_B^2\left(\dfrac{ { {N_s} } }{ { {N_B} } } - 1\right) + {N_s} \end{array}$	$\begin{array}{l} N_B^2\left(\dfrac{ { {N_s} } }{ { {N_B} } } - 1\right) + {N_s} \end{array}$
Search process multiplication		$\begin{array}{l} {N_B}\left(\dfrac{ { {N_s} } }{ { {N_B} } } - 1\right) \cdot \\ \left( { {\rm{ } }{M_1}{ {\rm{log} }_2}{M_1} } \right) + \\ \;\;\;{M_2}{ {\rm{log} }_2}{M_2} \\ \end{array}$	μ_cL

Parameter	Value
Bit sign period N_B	20
Doppler frequency search range/Hz	[?250, 250]
Doppler rate search range/(Hz/s)	[?500, 500]
False alarm probability P_i,FA	0.002
Sampling time T_s/ms	1
Doppler frequency estimation resolution/Hz	1/(2T)
Doppler frequency estimation resolution	${1 / {\left( {8{M_\alpha }{N_s}{N_B}T_s^2} \right)}}$
Channel	AWGN channel
Number of Monte Carlo simulations	10000

Two-step compressed acquisition method for Doppler frequency and Doppler rate estimation in high-dynamic and weak signal environments

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 32

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价