Design of wide-scanning array with reactive splitter network and metasurface

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2024.000005

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, the reactive splitter network and metasurface are proposed to radiate the wide-beam isolated element pattern and suppress mutual coupling (MC) of the low-profile phased array with the triangular lattice, respectively. Thus, broadband wide-angle impedance matching (WAIM) is implemented to promote two-dimensional (2D) wide scanning. For the isolated element, to radiate the wide-beam patterns approximating to the cosine form, two identical slots backed on one substrate integrated cavity are excited by the feeding network consisting of a reactive splitter and two striplines connected with splitter output paths. For adjacent elements staggered with each other, with the metasurface superstrate, the even-mode coupling voltages on the reactive splitter are cancelled out, yielding reduced MC. With the suppression of MC and the compensation of isolated element patterns, WAIM is realized to achieve 2D wide-angle beam steering up to ± 65° in E-plane, ± 45° in H-plane and ± 60° in D-plane from 4.9 GHz to 5.85 GHz.

Key words: metasurface, phased array, reactive splitter, wide-angle impedance matching (WAIM)

Haiying LUO, Fulong JIN, Xiao DING, Wei SHAO. Design of wide-scanning array with reactive splitter network and metasurface[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2024.000005.

References

[1] ZHENG. Y. J, CHEN Q, DING L, et al. Electric-controlled metasurface antenna array with ultra-wideband frequency reconfigurable reflection suppression. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(6): 1473–1482.
[2] TIAN Z J, CHEN R, LONG W X, et al. Broadband beam steering for misaligned multi-mode OAM communication systems. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(4): 779–788.
[3] YAN B Y, SHENG W X, SUN L Y, et al. Wideband wide-scanning planar triangular-lattice phased array with substrate-integrated cavity-backed U-slot patches. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(9): 6082–6086.
[4] CHENG Y, DONG Y D. Ultrawideband shared-aperture crossed tapered slot antenna for 5G applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2023, 22(3): 472–476.
[5] KHANAL P, YANG J, IVASHINA M, et al. A wide-scanning array antenna of connected vertical bowtie elements structurally integrated within an aircraft fuselage. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(5): 4216–4227.
[6] ZHANG T L, CHEN L, MOGHADDAM S M, et al. Millimeter-wave ultrawideband circularly polarized planar array antenna using bold-C spiral elements with concept of tightly coupled array. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(4): 2013–2022.
[7] JIN F L, DING X, CHENG Y F, et al. Impedance matching design of a low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67(10): 6401–6409.
[8] ARAND B A, BAZRKAR A, ZAHEDI A. Design of a phased array in triangular grid with an efficient matching network and reduced mutual coupling for wide-angle scanning. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, 65(6): 2983–2991.
[9] CHALOUN T, ZIEGLER V, MENZEL W. Design of a dual-polarized stacked patch antenna for wide-angle scanning reflectarrays. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2016, 64(8): 3380–3390.
[10] ZHAO L Y, HE Y Q, ZHAO G, et al. Scanning angle extension of a millimeter-wave antenna array using electromagnetic band gap ground. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 70(8): 7264–7269.
[11] CHENG Y F, DING X, GAO G F, et al. Analysis and design of wide-scan phased array using polarization-conversion isolators. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18(3): 512–516.
[12] YUAN H, CHEN F C. A mixed decoupling scheme based on AMC and ADS for dual-polarized antenna array. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(7): 6150–6155.
[13] KIM S, NAM S. A compact and wideband linear array antenna with low mutual coupling. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67(8): 5695–5699.
[14] XIA R L, QU S W, LI P F, et al. Wide-angle scanning phased array using an efficient decoupling network. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 63(11): 5161–5165.
[15] YUN J, PARK D, JANG D, et al. Design of an active beam-steering array with a perforated wide-angle impedance matching layer. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(9): 6028–6033.
[16] ZHANG H Y, YANG S W, XIAO S W, et al. Low-profile, lightweight, ultra-wideband tightly coupled dipole arrays loaded with split rings. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67(6): 4257–4262.
[17] BHATACHARYYA A K. Phased antenna arrays: floquet analysis, synthesis, BFNs, and active array systems. Hoboken: Wiley, 2006.
[18] AMITAY N, GALINDO V, WU C P. Theory and analysis of phased array antennas. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1972.
[19] MAILLOUX R J. Phased array antenna handbook. Norwood: Artech House, 2005.
[20] CHEN Y C, DHOPLE S V. Power divider. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 2016, 31(6): 5135–5143.
[21] POZAR D M. A relation between the active input impedance and the active element pattern of a phased array. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2003, 51(9): 2486–2489.
[22] POZAR D M. The active element pattern. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1994, 42(8): 1176–1178.
[23] KEIZER W P M N. Planar phased-array antennas: mutual coupling and ultralow peak sidelobes. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2019, 61(1): 14–28.
[24] KRAUS J D. Antennas. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. , 1988.
[25] CHEN C L, MCKINZIE W E, ALEXOPOULOS N G. Stripline-fed arbitrarily shaped printed-aperture antennas. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1997, 45(7): 1186–1198.
[26] BALANIS C. Pattern distortion due to edge diffractions. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 1970, 18(4): 561–563.
[27] ABOSERWAL N A, BALANIS C A, BIRTCHER C R. Impact of coated ground plane edge diffractions on amplitude patterns of circular apertures. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2014, 14: 221–224.
[28] DAS B N, SANYAL G S. Mutual impedance between two resonant slot radiators. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1971, 118(11): 1535–1538.
[29] POZAR D M. Microwave engineering. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.
[30] BOCKELMAN D E, EISENSTADT W R. Combined differential and common-mode scattering parameters: theory and simulation. IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory Techniques, 1995, 43(7): 1530–1539.
[31] SUN L B, LI Y, ZHANG Z J, et al. Self-decoupled MIMO antenna pair with shared radiator for 5G smartphones. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(5): 3423–3432.
[32] VILENSKIY A R, LITUN V I, LYULYUKIN K V. Wideband beam steering antenna array of printed cavity-backed elements with integrated EBG structure. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18(2): 245–249.
[33] XI B, XIAO Y, LI M J, et al. Wide-angle scanning phased array antennas using metasurface slabs. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(12): 9003–9008.