Two-dimensional directional modulation with dual-mode vortex beam for security transmission

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2022.000136

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1108-1118.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2022.000136

• ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Two-dimensional directional modulation with dual-mode vortex beam for security transmission

Changju ZHU(), Maozhong SONG(), Xiaoyu DANG(), Qiuming ZHU()

¹ College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

Received:2021-03-17 Online:2022-12-24 Published:2022-12-24
Contact: Maozhong SONG E-mail:zhu_cj@nuaa.edu.cn;smz108@nuaa.edu.cn;dang@nuaa.edu.cn;zhuqiuming@nuaa.edu.cn
About author:
ZHU Changju was born in 1990. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. degree at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China. His research interests include directional modulation technology, physical security communication, communication and perception integration, design and reception of communication modulation signal, communication measuring and wireless localization. E-mail: zhu_cj@nuaa.edu.cn

SONG Maozhong was born in 1962. He received his M.S. degree from Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China. Currently he is a professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research interests include physical layer security communication, design and reception of communication modulation signal, directional modulation technology, communication and localization integration, satellite navigation and communication measuring. E-mail: smz108@nuaa.edu.cn

DANG Xiaoyu was born in 1973. He received his Ph.D. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. Currently he is a professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research interests include deep space communication, communication measuring, UAV trunking/swarming communications, aeronautical telemetry, satellite positioning and navigation. E-mail: dang@nuaa.edu.cn

ZHU Qiuming was born in 1979. He received his Ph.D. degree from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China. Currently he is a professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research interests include UAV communication and big data processing, channel measurement and simulation, intelligent communication and deep space telemetry, tracking and command communication system. E-mail: zhuqiuming@nuaa.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National?Natural?Science?Foundation of?China (62031017; 61971221) and the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (201901052001).

Abstract

Abstract:

A two-dimensional directional modulation (DM) technology with dual-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam is proposed for physical-layer security of the relay unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tracking transmission. The elevation and azimuth of the vortex beam are modulated into the constellation, which can form the digital waveform with the encoding modulation. Since the signal is direction-dependent, the modulated waveform is purposely distorted in other directions to offer a security technology. Two concentric uniform circular arrays (UCAs) with different radii are excited to generate dual vortex beams with orthogonality for the composite signal, which can increase the demodulation difficulty. Due to the phase propagation characteristics of vortex beam, the constellation at the desired azimuth angle will change continuously within a wavelength. A desired single antenna receiver can use the propagation phase compensation and an opposite helical phase factor for the signal demodulation in the desired direction. Simulations show that the proposed OAM-DM scheme offers a security approach with direction sensitivity transmission.

Key words: directional modulation (DM), orbital angular momentum (OAM), physical-layer security, directional sensitivity

Changju ZHU, Maozhong SONG, Xiaoyu DANG, Qiuming ZHU. Two-dimensional directional modulation with dual-mode vortex beam for security transmission[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(6): 1108-1118.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Table 1

Fig 4

Fig 5

Table 2

Table 3

Fig 6

Fig 7

Fig 8

Fig 9

Fig 10

Fig 11

Fig 12

References 30

1	FOUDA R M, BAUM T C, KAMRAN G Quasi-orbital angular momentum (Q-OAM) generated by quasi-circular array antenna (QCA). Scientific Reports, 2018, 8 (1): 1- 11.
2	WANG Z, ZHANG N, YUAN X C High-volume optical vortex multiplexing and de-multiplexing for free-space optical communication. Optics Express, 2011, 19 (2): 482- 492. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.000482
3	YANG P, XIAO Y, XIAO M, et al 6G wireless communications: vision and potential techniques. IEEE Network, 2019, 33 (4): 70- 75. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2019.1800418
4	GAO X L, HUANG S G, ZHOU J, et al Generating, multiplexing/demultiplexing and receiving the orbital angular momentum of radio frequency signals using an optical true time delay unit. Journal of Optics, 2013, 15 (10): 1- 6.
5	CHEN G T, JIAO Y C, ZHAO G A reflectarray for generating wideband circularly polarized orbital angular momentum vortex wave. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18 (1): 182- 186. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2885345
6	ZHANG C, MA L Millimetre wave with rotational orbital angular momentum. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6 (31921): 1- 9.
7	SHEN F, MU J, GUO K, et al Generation of continuously variable-mode vortex electromagnetic waves with three- dimensional helical antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18 (6): 1091- 1095. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2907931
8	CHENG L, HONG W, HAO Z C Generation of electromagnetic waves with arbitrary orbital angular momentum modes. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4 (4817): 1- 5.
9	MOHAMMADI S M, DALDORFF L K S, BERGMAN J E S, et al Orbital angular momentum in radio-a system study. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2010, 58 (2): 565- 572. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2009.2037701
10	LIU Y L, CHEN H H, WANG L M, et al Physical layer security for next generation wireless networks: theories, technologies, and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2017, 19 (1): 347- 376. doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2598968
11	SHU F, SHEN T, XU L, et al Directional modulation: a physical-layer security solution to B5G and future wireless networks. IEEE Network, 2019, 34 (2): 210- 215.
12	SUN X, NG D W K, DING Z, et al Physical layer security in UAV systems: challenges and opportunities. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2019, 26 (5): 40- 47. doi: 10.1109/MWC.001.1900028
13	DALY M P, BERNHARD J T Directional modulation technique for phased arrays. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2009, 57 (9): 2633- 2640. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2009.2027047
14	HONG T, SONG M Z, LIU Y Directional spread-spectrum modulation signal for physical layer security communication applications. Security and Communication Networks, 2013, 6 (2): 182- 193. doi: 10.1002/sec.554
15	DING Y, FUSCO V A vector approach for the analysis and synthesis of directional modulation transmitters. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 62 (1): 361- 370. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2287001
16	DING Y, FUSCO V Orthogonal vector approach for synthesis of multi-beam directional modulation transmitters. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2015, 14, 1330- 1333. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2404818
17	ZHAO S M, GONG L Y, LI Y Q, et al A large-alphabet quantum key distribution protocol using orbital angular momentum entanglement. Chinese Physics Letters, 2013, 30 (6): 305- 343.
18	DJORDJEVIC I B OAM-based hybrid free-space optical- terahertz multidimensional coded modulation and physical- layer security. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2017, 9 (4): 7905812.
19	SUN X, DJORDJEVIC I B Physical-layer security in orbital angular momentum multiplexing free-space optical communications. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2016, 8 (1): 1- 10.
20	WANG T L, GARIANO J A, DJORDJEVIC I B Employing Bessel-Gaussian beams to improve physical-layer security in free-space optical communications. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2018, 10 (5): 1- 13.
21	WANG T L, DJORDJEVIC I B Physical-layer security of a binary data sequence transmitted with Bessel-Gaussian beams over an optical wiretap channel. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2018, 10 (6): 7908611.
22	HUANG W Q, LI Y, WEI D, et al Research on physical layer security scheme based on OAM: modulation for wireless communications. Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, 2019, 11604, 573- 586.
23	HU T, WANG Y, MA B, et al Orbit angular momentum MIMO with mode selection foe UAV-Assisted A2G networks. Sensors, 2020, 20 (8): 2289.
24	CHEN C, LONG W X, WANG X, et al Multi-mode OAM radio waves: generation, angle of arrival estimation and reception with UCAs. IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, 2020, 19 (10): 6932- 6947. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3007026
25	AHMED S, CHOWDHURY M Z, JANG Y M Energy-efficient UAV relaying communications to serve ground nodes. IEEE Communications Letters, 2020, 24 (4): 849- 852. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.2965120
26	XIONG F, LI A J, WANG H, et al An SDN-MQTT based communication system for battlefield UAV swarms. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2019, 57 (8): 41- 47. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2019.1900291
27	ZHU Q B, JIANG T, CAO Y, et al Radio vortex for future wireless broadband communications with high capacity. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2015, 22 (6): 98- 104. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2015.7368830
28	HU T, WANG Y, LIAO X, et al OFDM-OAM modulation for future wireless communications. IEEE Access, 2019, 7, 59114- 59125. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2915035
29	TIAN Z J, CHEN R, LONG W X, et al Broadband beam steering for misaligned multi-mode OAM communication systems. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32 (4): 779- 788. doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2021.000067
30	EDFORS O, JOHANSSON A J Is orbital angular momentum (OAM) based radio communication an unexploited area?. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60 (2): 1126- 1131.

Symbol	Binary bit	z_n
a_syn(δ,γ)	00	0
ja_syn(δ,γ)	10	1
−a_syn(δ,γ)	11	2
−ja_syn(δ,γ)	01	3

l₁/l₂	(l₁,l₂)
−1	(1,−1) or (−1,1)
2	(2,1) or (−2,−1)
−2	(−2,1) or (2,−1)

Parameter	Value
Antenna number of UCA_Inner M	8
Antenna number of UCA_Outer M	8
Radius of UCA_Inner R₁	λ
Radius of UCA_Outer R₂	1.5λ
OAM mode l	±1, ±2
Operation frequency f/GHz	2.4
Length of array element antenna	λ
Bandwidth/MHz	4
Desired direction /(°)	(δ₀, γ₀)

Two-dimensional directional modulation with dual-mode vortex beam for security transmission

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

Share this article

Figures/Tables 15

References 30

Related Articles 1

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments