Specific emitter identification based on frequency and amplitude of the signal kurtosis

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2023.000054

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 333-343.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2023.000054

• ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles

Specific emitter identification based on frequency and amplitude of the signal kurtosis

Yurui ZHAO(), Xiang WANG(), Liting SUN(), Zhitao HUANG()

College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Received:2022-01-24 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-05-20
Contact: Xiang WANG E-mail:zhaoyurui@nudt.edu.cn;christopherwx@163.com;slt2009@yeah.net;huangzhitao@nudt.edu.cn
About author:
ZHAO Yurui was born in 1998. She received her B.S. degree in electronic science and engineering from National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 2020. She is pursuing her M.S. degree with the State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China. Her current research interests include signal processing and physical-layer security. E-mail: zhaoyurui@nudt.edu.cn

WANG Xiang was born in 1985. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic science and engineering from National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 2007 and 2013 respectively. He is a lecturer with the College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China. His research interests include blind signal processing in radar and communication applications. E-mail: christopherwx@163.com

SUN Liting was born in 1994. She received her B.E. degree from the School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China, in 2017. She is pursuing her Ph.D. degree with the State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China. Her current research interests include cognitive radio, signal processing and physical-layer security. E-mail: slt2009@yeah.net

HUANG Zhitao was born in 1976. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in information and communication engineering from National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, in 1998 and 2003 respectively. He is a professor with the College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China. His research interests include radar and communication signal processing, and array signal processing. E-mail: huangzhitao@nudt.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Award of National University of Defense Technology (18/19-QNCXJ) and the National Science Foundation of China (62271494).

Abstract

Abstract:

Extensive experiments suggest that kurtosis-based fingerprint features are effective for specific emitter identification (SEI). Nevertheless, the lack of mechanistic explanation restricts the use of fingerprint features to a data-driven technique and further reduces the adaptability of the technique to other datasets. To address this issue, the mechanism how the phase noise of high-frequency oscillators and the nonlinearity of power amplifiers affect the kurtosis of communication signals is investigated. Mathematical models are derived for intentional modulation (IM) and unintentional modulation (UIM). Analysis indicates that the phase noise of high-frequency oscillators and the nonlinearity of power amplifiers affect the kurtosis frequency and amplitude, respectively. A novel SEI method based on frequency and amplitude of the signal kurtosis (FA-SK) is further proposed. Simulation and real-world experiments validate theoretical analysis and also confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: communication emitter, fingerprint feature, kurtosis, unintentional modulation (UIM), specific emitter identification (SEI)

Yurui ZHAO, Xiang WANG, Liting SUN, Zhitao HUANG. Specific emitter identification based on frequency and amplitude of the signal kurtosis[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 36(2): 333-343.

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References 17

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Parameters	Emitter
Parameters	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6
$ \gamma $	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
${f_{{\rm{os}}} }$	0	$\dfrac {1}{28} $	$\dfrac {1}{36} $	$\dfrac {1}{53} $	$\dfrac {1}{53} $	$\dfrac {1}{53} $
${\boldsymbol{h} }$	[1,0]	[1,0]	[1,0]	[1,0]	[1,0.3]	[1,0.6]

Parameters	Emitter number
Parameters	E1	E2	···	E30
$ \gamma $	0.25	0.25	···	0.25
${f_{{\rm{os}}} }$	1/10	1/13	···	1/100
${\boldsymbol{h} }$	$\left[ {1,\dfrac{1}{ {30} },\dfrac{1}{ {60} } } \right]$	$\left[ {1,\dfrac{1}{ {15} },\dfrac{1}{ {30} } } \right]$	···	$\left[ {1,1,\dfrac{1}{2} } \right]$

[1]	Rong FAN, Chengke SI, Yi HAN, Qun WAN. RFFsNet-SEI: a multidimensional balanced-RFFs deep neural network framework for specific emitter identification [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 35(3): 558-574.
[2]	Liting SUN, Xiang WANG, Zhitao HUANG. Unintentional modulation microstructure enlargement [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(3): 522-533.
[3]	Liang Hong, Hong Kang & Yang Changsheng. Lattice structure adaptive IIR notch filter based on least square kurtosis [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2009, 20(6): 1188-1192.
[4]	You Lin, Xu Maozhi, Zheng Zhiming. Digital signature systems based on smart card and fingerprint feature [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2007, 18(4): 825-834.

Specific emitter identification based on frequency and amplitude of the signal kurtosis

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