Link-16 anti-jamming performance evaluation based on grey relational analysis and cloud model

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2023.000120

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 62-72.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2023.000120

• ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles

Link-16 anti-jamming performance evaluation based on grey relational analysis and cloud model

Xiaoyan NING(), Ying WANG(), Zhenduo WANG(), Zhiguo SUN()

College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

Received:2022-08-11 Online:2025-02-18 Published:2025-03-18
Contact: Zhenduo WANG E-mail:ningxiaoyan@hrbeu.edu.cn;1769988107@qq.com;zhenduowang@hrbeu.edu.cn;sunzhiguo@hrbeu.edu.cn
About author:
NING Xiaoyan was born in 1984. She received her B.S. degree in mathematics and applied mathematics and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in information and communication engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology, in 2005, 2007, and 2011, respectively. From September 2015 to September 2016, she was a visiting scholar with the University of Delaware. She is currently an associate professor with the College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China. Her research interests include communication signal processing, physical waveform design, and transform domain communication systems. E-mail: ningxiaoyan@hrbeu.edu.cn

WANG Ying was born in 1997. She received her B.S. degree from Northeast Electric Power University in 2020. She is currently a graduate student with the College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China. Her research interests include military data links and communication countermeasures. E-mail: 1769988107@qq.com

WANG Zhenduo was born in 1989. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in information and communication engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology, in 2012, 2014, and 2019, respectively. From September 2017 to September 2018, he was a visiting scholar with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. He is currently an associate professor with the College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China. His research interests include 5G waveforms and transform domain communication systems. E-mail: zhenduowang@hrbeu.edu.cn

SUN Zhiguo was born in 1977. He received his Ph.D. degree from Harbin Engineering University in 2005. He is a professor in College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University. His research interests include cognitive communication and anti-interference technology. E-mail: sunzhiguo@hrbeu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LH2021F009).

Abstract

Abstract:

Anti-jamming performance evaluation has recently received significant attention. For Link-16, the anti-jamming performance evaluation and selection of the optimal anti-jamming technologies are urgent problems to be solved. A comprehensive evaluation method is proposed, which combines grey relational analysis (GRA) and cloud model, to evaluate the anti-jamming performances of Link-16. Firstly, on the basis of establishing the anti-jamming performance evaluation indicator system of Link-16, the linear combination of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) are used to calculate the combined weight. Secondly, the qualitative and quantitative concept transformation model, i.e., the cloud model, is introduced to evaluate the anti-jamming abilities of Link-16 under each jamming scheme. In addition, GRA calculates the correlation degree between evaluation indicators and the anti-jamming performance of Link-16, and assesses the best anti-jamming technology. Finally, simulation results prove that the proposed evaluation model can achieve the objective of feasible and practical evaluation, which opens up a novel way for the research of anti-jamming performance evaluations of Link-16.

Key words: Link-16, anti-jamming, grey relational analysis (GRA), cloud model, combination weights

Xiaoyan NING, Ying WANG, Zhenduo WANG, Zhiguo SUN. Link-16 anti-jamming performance evaluation based on grey relational analysis and cloud model[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 36(1): 62-72.

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References 23

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Number of frequency points	Error correction rate
0−5	1.00
6−10	0.89
11−15	0.78
16−20	0.67
21−25	0.56
26−30	0.44
31−35	0.33
36−40	0.22
41−45	0.11
46−51	0

Order	RI	Order	RI
1	0.00	4	0.90
2	0.00	5	1.12
3	0.58	6	1.24

Jamming scheme	Broadband jamming		Tracking jamming			Multi-tone jamming
Jamming scheme	Jamming bandwidth/MHz	JSR /dB	Jamming time/${\rm{s}}$	Jamming distance/km	JSR /dB	Jamming frequency point	JSR /dB
1	240	25	$3.2 \times {10^{ - 6}}$	1.65	15	20	15
2	250	25	$4.5 \times {10^{ - 6}}$	1.65	15	32	15
3	250	27	$4.5 \times {10^{ - 6}}$	1.75	20	32	20
4	245	26	$1.9 \times {10^{ - 6}}$	1.90	25	16	22
5	248	30	$5.8 \times {10^{ - 6}}$	1.85	27	46	30

Indicator	$\min \left\{ {{x_{ij}}} \right\}$	$\max \left\{ {{x_{ij}}} \right\}$	Standardize
${C_1}$	237 MHz	255 MHz	N:0.83,0.28,0.28,0.56,0.39
${C_2}$	0 dB	30 dB	N:0.17,0.17,0.10,0.13,0.00
${C_3}$	0 μs	6.4 μs	N:0.50,0.30,0.30,0.70,0.10
${C_4}$	1.152 km	1.92 km	P:0.65,0.65,0.78,0.97,0.91
${C_5}$	0 μs	13 μs	N:0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00
${C_6}$	0 dB	30 dB	N:0.50,0.50,0.33,0.17,0.10
${C_7}$	0	51	N:0.61,0.37,0.37,0.67,0.10
${C_8}$	0	1	P:0.67,0.33,0.33,0.78,0.00
${C_9}$	0 dB	30 dB	N:0.50,0.50,0.33,0.27,0.00

Eigenvalue	${E_x}$	${E_n}$	${H_e}$
${C_1}$	0.820 0	0.080 2	0.023 8
${C_2}$	0.800 0	0.050 1	0.049 9
${C_3}$	0.500 0	0.100 3	0.070 3
${C_4}$	0.520 0	0.140 4	0.110 9
${C_5}$	0.520 0	0.080 2	0.023 8
${C_6}$	0.440 0	0.130 3	0.077 5
${C_7}$	0.520 0	0.130 3	0.003 2
${C_8}$	0.480 0	0.130 3	0.070 8
${C_9}$	0.500 0	0.090 2	0.062 1

Link-16 anti-jamming performance evaluation based on grey relational analysis and cloud model

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Assess target	Similarity to
Assess target	Very poor	Poor	General	Good	Very good
Against broadband blocking jamming	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.003 9	0.277 6	0.281 5
Against tracking jamming	0.001 0	0.094 0	0.447 8	0.135 5	0.001 8
Against multi-tone jamming	0.009 7	0.160 8	0.346 4	0.143 1	0.007 0
Link-16 anti-jamming performance	0.000 0	0.001 4	0.016 2	0.599 5	0.093 1

Jamming scheme	Against broadband jamming	Against tracking jamming	Against multitone jamming	Link-16 anti-jamming
1	Very good	General	General	Good
2	Poor	Very poor	General	Poor
3	Poor	Very poor	Poor	Poor
4	General	Very good	Poor	General
5	Poor	Very poor	Poor	Poor

Jamming scheme	Grey correlation	Anti-jamming performance ranking
1	0.600 6	1
2	0.401 1	4
3	0.395 5	5
4	0.481 3	2
5	0.406 0	3

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Eigenvalue	${E_x}$	${E_n}$	${H_e}$
B1	0.815 5	0.077 9	0.025 8
B2	0.509 6	0.081 8	0.026 1
B3	0.492 7	0.115 5	0.036 6
A	0.729 9	0.080 2	0.026 5