Blended optimal guidance law considering non-zero minimum field-of-view constraint

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2025.000119

Abstract

Abstract:

Guidance of advanced missiles is faced with new constraints such as side-window detection. Existing guidance laws fall short of fulfilling the constraints simultaneously with acceptable computational efforts. To tackle the issue, this paper proposes a blended optimal guidance law (BOGL). The non-zero lower bound of field-of-view (FOV) is satisfied by incorporating an artificial impact angle constraint to bend the missile trajectory. To reduce the control resource consumption, sufficient instead of overlarge weight coefficient on impact angle is determined based on the optimal control theory. Moreover, a modified hyperbolic tangent function is used to formulate a blended form of guidance law, thus further bypassing the unnecessary terminal load factor. Simulation results prove that the terminal load and total control resource consumption are reduced by over 72% and 20% respectivley compared to the pure optimal guidance law.

Key words: flight guidance, optimal guidance law, field-of-view (FOV), hyperbolic function

Qiuqiu Wen, Yuxiang Chang, Mingkai Wang, Shaoyue He, Fei Peng. Blended optimal guidance law considering non-zero minimum field-of-view constraint[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 37(5): 1752-1765.

References 31

1	Ryoo C K, Cho H J, Tahk M J Optimal guidance laws with terminal impact angle constraint Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2005, 28 (4): 724. doi: 10.2514/1.8392
2	Paul Z. Trajectory shaping guidance[M]. Reston, VA, USA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
3	Ming X, Sivasubramanya B, Ernest O. Guidance law design for missiles with reduced seeker field-of-view[C]// AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, 2006. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6085.
4	Raziye T, Koray S E Switched-gain guidance for impact angle control under physical constraints Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2015, 38 (2): 205. doi: 10.2514/1.G000766
5	He S M, Lin D F A robust impact angle constraint guidance law with seeker’s field-of-view limit Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 2015, 37 (3): 317. doi: 10.1177/0142331214538278
6	Lee S W, Ann S W, Cho N H, et al Capturability of guidance laws for interception of non-maneuvering target with field-of-view limit Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2019, 42 (4): 869. doi: 10.2514/1.G003860
7	Kim H G, Kim H J Field-of-view constrained guidance law for a maneuvering target with impact angle control IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 2020, 56 (6): 4974. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2020.2996306
8	Kim Y W, Kim B S, Lee C H, et al A unified formulation of optimal guidance-to-collision law for accelerating and decelerating targets Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022, 35 (7): 40.
9	Si Y J, Song S M Three-dimensional adaptive finite-time guidance law for intercepting maneuvering targets Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017, 30 (6): 1985. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2017.04.009
10	Liu B J, Hou M S, Yu Y, et al Three-dimensional impact angle control guidance with field-of-view constraint Aerospace Science and Technology 2020, 105, 106014.
11	He S M, Chang H L, Hyo S S, et al Optimal three-dimensional impact time guidance with seeker’s field-of-view constraint Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021, 34 (2): 240. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2020.04.006
12	Wang J N, Ding X J, Chen Y D, et al Field-of-view constrained three-dimensional impact angle control guidance for speed-varying missiles IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 2022, 58 (5): 3992. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2022.3157807
13	Zhang Y A, Wang X L, Wu H L Impact time control guidance law with field of view constraint Aerospace Science and Technology 2014, 39, 361. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2014.10.002
14	Chen X T, Wang J Z Nonsingular sliding-mode control for field-of-view constrained impact time guidance Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2018, 41 (5): 1210- 1218.
15	Ai X L, Wang L L, Yu J Q, et al Field-of-view constrained two-stage guidance law design for three-dimensional salvo attack of multiple missiles via an optimal control approach Aerospace Science and Technology 2019, 85, 334. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2018.11.052
16	Yang H, Zhang S F, Bai X B, et al Impact time control guidance for moving-target considering velocity variation and field-of-view constraint Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2025, 36 (2): 552. doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2025.000025
17	Li G F, Li S T, Li B H, et al Deep reinforcement learning guidance with impact time control Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024, 35 (6): 1594. doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2024.000111
18	Jin L L, Insoo J, Min J T Guidance law to control impact time and angle IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 2007, 43 (1): 301. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2007.357135
19	Chen Y, Wu S F, Wang X L Impact time and angle control optimal guidance with field-of-view constraint Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2022, 45 (12): 2369. doi: 10.2514/1.G007030
20	Yang X Y, Zhang Y C, Song S M Two-stage cooperative guidance strategy with impact-angle and field-of-view constraints Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2023, 46 (3): 590. doi: 10.2514/1.G007040
21	Wang N Y, Wang X G, Cui N G, et al Deep reinforcement learning-based impact time control guidance law with constraints on the field-of-view Aerospace Science and Technology 2022, 128, 107765.
22	Lee S M, Lee Y J, Kim Y D, et al Impact angle control guidance considering seeker’s field-of-view limit based on reinforcement learning Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2023, 46, 11.
23	Hong H C, Tekin R, Florian H Guaranteed smooth trajectory generation for field-of-view constrained impact-time control Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2021, 44 (4): 898. doi: 10.2514/1.G005723
24	Ramesh D, Arnab M, Umakant J Three-dimensional field of view and impact angle constrained guidance with terminal speed maximization Aerospace Science and Technology 2022, 126, 107552.
25	Zheng T Y, Yao Y, He F H, et al Integrated guidance and control design of a flight vehicle with side-window detection Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018, 31 (4): 749. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2018.02.003
26	Zhou G Q, Xia Q L A guidance strategy for strapdown seeker considering minimum field-of-view angle constraint International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020, 2020, 5247257.
27	Vijay H, Ashwini R, Yerrapragada K Polynomial guidance law for dual-seeker interceptors Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2022, 45 (3): 923.
28	Steven W, Frederick R. Falcon hypersonic technology overview[C]// AIAA/CIRA 13th International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies, 2005. DOI: 10.2514/6.2005-3253.
29	Chi H S, Lee Y I, Lee C H, et al A practical optimal guidance scheme under impact angle and terminal acceleration constraints International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 2021, 22 (4): 923. doi: 10.1007/s42405-020-00339-7
30	Matthias R, Maximilian R, FLORIAN H. Discrete control dependent constraints in multiple shooting optimal control problems[C]// AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, 2015. DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-4526.
31	He S M, Lee C H, Shin H S, et al Minimum-effort waypoint-following guidance Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 2019, 42 (7): 1551. doi: 10.2514/1.G004045

[1]	Hao YANG, Shifeng ZHANG, Xibin BAI, Chengye YANG. Impact time control guidance for moving-target considering velocity variation and field-of-view constraint [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 36(2): 552-568.
[2]	Guofei LI, Shituo LI, Bohao LI, Yunjie WU. Deep reinforcement learning guidance with impact time control [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 35(6): 1594-1603.
[3]	Shengnan FU, Guanqun ZHOU, Qunli XIA. A trajectory shaping guidance law with field-of-view angle constraint and terminal limits [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(2): 426-437.
[4]	Ran LI, Qiuqiu WEN, Wangchun TAN, Yijie ZHANG. Adaptive weighting impact angle optimal guidance law considering seeker's FOV angle constraints [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 29(1): 142-151.
[5]	Ran Li, Qunli Xia, and Qiuqiu Wen. Extended optimal guidance law with impact angle and acceleration constriants [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2014, 25(5): 868-876.