Joint polarization and DOA estimation based on improved maximum likelihood estimator and performance analysis for conformal array

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2023.000048

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1490-1500.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2023.000048

• ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Joint polarization and DOA estimation based on improved maximum likelihood estimator and performance analysis for conformal array

Shili SUN(), Shuai LIU(), Jun WANG(), Fenggang YAN(), Ming JIN()

¹ School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China

Received:2021-08-11 Online:2023-12-18 Published:2023-12-29
Contact: Shuai LIU E-mail:sunshili12345678@163.com;liu_shuai_boy@163.com;hitwangjun@126.com;yfglion@163.com;jinming0987@163.com
About author:
SUN Shili was born in 1998. He received his B.E. degree in electronic information engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China, in 2020. He is pursuing his M.S. degree in the School of Information Science and Engineering, HIT, Weihai, China. His main research interests are array signal processing and direction of arrival estimation of conformal array. E-mail: sunshili12345678@163.com

LIU Shuai was born in 1980. He received his B.E. and M.S. degrees from Northwestern Polytechnical University, China, in 2002 and 2005, respectively, and Ph.D. degree in information and communication engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Weihai, China, in 2013. Since 2013, he has been an associate professor of the School of Information Science and Engineering, HIT, Weihai, China. His current research interests are robust adaptive beamforming, conformal array, and polarization sensitive array signal processing. E-mail: liu_shuai_boy@163.com

WANG Jun was born in 1976. He received his Ph.D. degree in information and communication engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China, in 2014. Since 2015, he has been an associate professor of the School of Information Science and Engineering, HIT, Weihai, China. His current research interests mainly focus on radar signal processing. E-mail: hitwangjun@126.com

YAN Fenggang was born in 1983. He received his B.E. degree from Xi ’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 2005, M.S. degree from the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Science, Bejing, China, in 2008, and Ph.D. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, China, in 2014, in information and communication engineering. From July 2008 to March 2011, he was a research associate with the 5th Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. Since January 2021, he has been a professor of the School of Information Science and Engineering, HIT, Weihai, China. His current research interests include array signal processing and statistical performance analysis. E-mail: yfglion@163.com

JIN Ming was born in 1968. He received his B.E., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in information and communication engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), China, in 1990, 1998, and 2004, respectively. From 1998 to 2004, he was with the Department of Electronics Information Engineering, HIT. Since 2006, he has been a professor of the School of Information Science and Engineering, HIT, Weihai, China. His current research interests are array signal processing, parallel signal processing, and radar polarimetry. E-mail: jinming0987@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62071144; 61971159; 61871149).

Abstract

Abstract:

The conformal array can make full use of the aperture, save space, meet the requirements of aerodynamics, and is sensitive to polarization information. It has broad application prospects in military, aerospace, and communication fields. The joint polarization and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation based on the conformal array and the theoretical analysis of its parameter estimation performance are the key factors to promote the engineering application of the conformal array. To solve these problems, this paper establishes the wave field signal model of the conformal array. Then, for the case of a single target, the cost function of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is rewritten with Rayleigh quotient from a problem of maximizing the ratio of quadratic forms into those of minimizing quadratic forms. On this basis, rapid parameter estimation is achieved with the idea of manifold separation technology (MST). Compared with the modified variable projection (MVP) algorithm, it reduces the computational complexity and improves the parameter estimation performance. Meanwhile, the MST is used to solve the partial derivative of the steering vector. Then, the theoretical performance of ML, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) estimator and Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) based on the conformal array are derived respectively, which provides theoretical foundation for the engineering application of the conformal array. Finally, the simulation experiment verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: conformal array, maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, manifold separation technology (MST), parameter estimation, Cramer-Rao bound (CRB)

Shili SUN, Shuai LIU, Jun WANG, Fenggang YAN, Ming JIN. Joint polarization and DOA estimation based on improved maximum likelihood estimator and performance analysis for conformal array[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(6): 1490-1500.

Figures/Tables 5

References 31

1	SHAHIDIZANDI S, SEYDNEJAD S R Blind beamforming for conformal arrays. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2017, 16, 940- 943. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2614948
2	XIAO S W, YANG S W, ZHANG H Y, et al Practical implementation of wideband and wide-scanning cylindrically conformal phased array. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67 (8): 5729- 5733. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2922760
3	LI H L, JIANG Y C, DING Y, et al Low-sidelobe pattern synthesis for sparse conformal arrays based on PSO-SOCP optimization. IEEE Access, 2018, 6, 77429- 77439. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2883042
4	LIU C, DING Z Z, LIU X P A low complexity 2D pattern synthesis algorithm for cylindrical array. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 2013, 352843.
5	YINUSA K A, MARCOS E P, CAIZZONE S. Robust satellite navigation by means of a spherical cap conformal antenna array. Proc. of the 18th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ANTEM.2018.8572873.
6	SANCHEZ-OLIVARES P, SANCHEZ-DANCAUSA P, MASA-CAMPOS J L, et al Circular conformal array antenna with omnidirectional and beamsteering capabilities for 5G communications in the 3.5-GHz range [wireless corner]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2019, 61 (4): 97- 108. doi: 10.1109/MAP.2019.2920049
7	OGURTSOV S, KOZIEL S A conformal circularly polarized series-fed microstrip antenna array design. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68 (2): 873- 881. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2943326
8	CHOU H T Conformal near-field focus radiation from phased array of antennas to enhance power transfer between transmitting and receiving antennas. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68 (5): 3567- 3577. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2963557
9	XU H C, CUI J L, DUAN J P, et al Versatile conical conformal array antenna based on implementation of independent and endfire radiation for UAV applications. IEEE Access, 2019, 7, 31207- 31217. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2903198
10	ZHANG X W, LIAO G S, YANG Z W, et al Parameter estimation based on Hough transform for airborne radar with conformal array. Digital Signal Processing, 2020, 107, 102869.
11	JILANI S F, MUNOZ M O, ABBASI Q H, et al Millimeter-wave liquid crystal polymer based conformal antenna array for 5G applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18 (1): 84- 88. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2881303
12	WAN L T, SUN Y C, SUN L, et al Deep learning based autonomous vehicle super resolution DOA estimation for safety driving. IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2020, 22 (7): 4301- 4315.
13	FU M C, ZHENG Z, WANG W Q 2-D DOA estimation for nested conformal arrays via sparse reconstruction. IEEE Communications Letters, 2021, 25 (3): 980- 984. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.3039104
14	XIE Y, HUANG M, ZHANG Y Y, et al Two-stage fast DOA estimation based on directional antennas in conformal uniform circular array. Sensors, 2021, 21 (1): 276. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3039123
15	SHARIFI M, REZAEI P Conformal antenna array radiation pattern synthesis by tilt correction to improve direction-of-arrival estimation accuracy. Electromagnetics, 2020, 40 (4): 262- 275. doi: 10.1080/02726343.2020.1750698
16	YANG P, YANG F, NIE Z P DOA estimation with sub-array divided technique and interpolated esprit algorithm on a cylindrical conformal array antenna. Progress in Electromagnetics Research-Pier, 2010, 103, 201- 216. doi: 10.2528/PIER10011904
17	GAO X F, LI P, HAO X H A novel DOA estimation algorithm using directional antennas in cylindrical conformal arrays. Defence Technology, 2021, 17 (3): 1042- 1051. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.06.010
18	LIU C, XIANG S, XU L F Polarization and DOA estimation based on dual-polarized conformal array. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 2019, 8907685.
19	ALINEZHAD P, SEYDNEJAD S R, ABBASI-MOGHADAM D DOA estimation in conformal arrays based on the nested array principles. Digital Signal Processing, 2016, 50, 191- 202. doi: 10.1016/j.dsp.2015.12.009
20	FU M C, ZHENG Z, WANG W Q Two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation for cylindrical nested conformal arrays. Signal Processing, 2021, 179, 107838.
21	LAN X Y, WANG L N, WANG Y P, et al Tensor 2-D DOA estimation for a cylindrical conformal antenna array in a massive MIMO system under unknown mutual coupling. IEEE Access, 2018, 6, 7864- 7871. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2799179
22	ZOU Y, XIE H, WAN L T, et al High accuracy frequency and 2D-DOAs estimation of conformal array based on PARAFAC. Journal of Internet Technology, 2015, 16 (1): 107- 119.
23	ZOU Y, XIE H, WAN L T, et al 2D-DOA and mutual coupling estimation in vehicle communication system via conformal array. Mobile Information Systems, 2015, 2015, 841341.
24	MENG T Z, WU M J, YUAN N C DOA estimation for conformal vector-sensor array using geometric algebra. Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2017, 2017, 64. doi: 10.1186/s13634-016-0440-1
25	BELLONI F, RICHTER A, KOIVUNEN V DOA estimation via manifold separation for arbitrary array structures. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 2007, 55 (10): 4800- 4810. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2007.896115
26	COSTA M, KOIVUNEN V, RICHTER A Low complexity azimuth and elevation estimation for arbitrary array configurations. Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2009, 2185- 2188.
27	ZHUANG J, DUAN C H, WANG W, et al Joint estimation of azimuth and elevation via manifold separation for arbitrary array structures. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, 2018, 67 (7): 5585- 5596.
28	COSTA M, RICHTER A, KOIVUNEN V DOA and polarization estimation for arbitrary array configurations. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 2012, 60 (5): 2330- 2343. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2012.2187519
29	ZISKIND I, WAX M Maximum likelihood localization of multiple sources by alternating projection. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1988, 36 (10): 1553- 1560. doi: 10.1109/29.7543
30	GAO D Y, QI Z S, WANG B H, et al. Performance analysis of high resolution DOA estimation for conical conformal array. Proc of the 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2008. DOI: 10.1109/WiCom.2008.535.
31	VIBERG M, OTTERSTEN B. Sensor array processing based on subspace fitting. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1991, 39(5): 1110−1121.

[1]	Tianyi CAI, Bo DAN, Weibo HUANG. Super-resolution parameter estimation of monopulse radar by wide-narrowband joint processing [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(5): 1158-1170.
[2]	Xiaolong SU, Panhe HU, Zhenhua WEI, Zhen LIU, Junpeng SHI, Xiang LI. Dimension decomposition algorithm for multiple source localization using uniform circular array [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(3): 650-660.
[3]	Xinjie MA, Wei QI, Kaijun CHE, Gang WU. Parameter estimation of LFM signals based on time reversal [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(3): 674-681.
[4]	Weikun HE, Jingbo SUN, Xinyun ZHANG, Zhenming LIU. Micro-Doppler feature extraction of micro-rotor UAV under the background of low SNR [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(6): 1127-1139.
[5]	Wenge XING, Chuanrui ZHOU, Chunlei WANG. Modified OMP method for multi-target parameter estimation in frequency-agile distributed MIMO radar [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(5): 1089-1094.
[6]	Xiaolong SU, Zhen LIU, Bin SUN, Yang WANG, Xin CHEN, Xiang LI. Fast BSC-based algorithm for near-field signal localization via uniform circular array [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(2): 269-278.
[7]	Zhigeng FANG, Shuang WU, Xiaoli ZHANG, Yunke SUN. ADC-GERT network parameter estimation model for mission effectiveness of joint operation system [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(6): 1394-1406.
[8]	Tao WAN, Kaili JIANG, Jingyi LIAO, Tingting JIA, Bin TANG. Research on LPI radar signal detection and parameter estimation technology [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(3): 566-572.
[9]	Yili HU, Yongbo ZHAO, Xiaojiao PANG, Sheng CHEN. Short-range clutter suppression method combining oblique projection and interpolation in airborne CFA radar [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(1): 92-102.
[10]	Shuyu ZHENG, Xiaokuan ZHANG, Weichen ZHAO, Jianxiong ZHOU, Binfeng ZONG, Jiahua XU. Parameter estimation of GTD model and RCS extrapolation based on a modified 3D-ESPRIT algorithm [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 31(6): 1206-1215.
[11]	Shixin WANG, Yuan ZHAO, Ibrahim LAILA, Ying XIONG, Jun WANG, Bin TANG. Joint 2D DOA and Doppler frequency estimation for L-shaped array using compressive sensing [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 31(1): 28-36.
[12]	Xinghua LIU, Zhenhai XU, Shunping XIAO. Performance gain bounds of coherently combining multiple radars in a target-based calibration manner [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 30(2): 278-287.
[13]	Shengyao CHEN, Feng XI. Cramer-Rao bounds for the joint delay-Doppler estimation of compressive sampling pulse-Doppler radar [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 29(1): 58-66.
[14]	Xianghui Yuan and Tao Liu. Texture invariant estimation of equivalent number of looks based on log-cumulants in polarimetric radar imagery [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2017, 28(1): 58-.
[15]	Jinfeng Hu, Xuan He, Wange Li, Hui Ai, Huiyong Li, and Julan Xie. Parameter estimation of maneuvering targets in OTHR based on sparse time-frequency representation [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2016, 27(3): 574-580.

Joint polarization and DOA estimation based on improved maximum likelihood estimator and performance analysis for conformal array

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

Share this article

Figures/Tables 5

References 31

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments