Dual CG-IG distribution model for sea clutter and its parameter correction method

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2025.000050

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 1177-1187.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2025.000050

• DEFENCE ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles

Dual CG-IG distribution model for sea clutter and its parameter correction method

Zhen LI(), Huafeng HE(), Tao ZHOU(), Qi ZHANG(), Xiaofei HAN(), Yongquan YOU()

College of Missile Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, China

Received:2024-04-29 Accepted:2024-12-05 Online:2025-10-18 Published:2025-10-24
Contact: Huafeng HE E-mail:975274446@qq.com;hhf0903@163.com;50863907@qq.com;15829799698@163.com;hanxiaofei86@sina.com;youyongquan1997@163.com
About author:
LI Zhen was born in 1994. He received his M.S. degree from North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power. He is pursuing his Ph.D. degree in Rocket Force University of Engineering. His research interests include radar signal processing and sea clutter modeling and simulation. E-mail: 975274446@qq.com

HE Huafeng was born in 1976. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Rocket Force University of Engineering. He is a professor in Rocket Force University of Engineering. His research interests include radar electronic counter-countermeasure and test appraisal technology. E-mail: hhf0903@163.com

ZHOU Tao was born in 1977. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Rocket Force University of Engineering, in 2003, 2007, respectively. He is a professor in Rocket Force University of Engineering. His research interests include radar electronic counter-countermeasure and test appraisal technology. E-mail: 50863907@qq.com

ZHANG Qi was born in 1980. She received her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Rocket Force University of Engineering, in 2005, 2009, respectively. She is an associate professor in Rocket Force University of Engineering. Her research interests include prognostics and health management and nonlinear filtering. E-mail: 15829799698@163.com

HAN Xiaofei was born in 1993. She received her M.S. degree from North University of China in 2019. She received her Ph.D. degree from Rocket Force University of Engineering in 2023. She is a lecturer in Rocket Force University of Engineering. Her research interests include radar signal processing, information fusion in multisite radar systems, and radar electronic counter countermeasure. E-mail: hanxiaofei86@sina.com

YOU Yongquan was born in 1997. He received his M.S. degree from Shandong University of Science and Technology and became a doctoral candidate in 2023. He is pursuing his Ph.D. degree in Rocket Force University of Engineering. His research interests include system modeling and simulation analysis, and system effectiveness evaluation. E-mail: youyongquan1997@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

Accurate modeling and parameter estimation of sea clutter are fundamental for effective sea surface target detection. With the improvement of radar resolution, sea clutter exhibits a pronounced heavy-tailed characteristic, rendering traditional distribution models and parameter estimation methods less effective. To address this, this paper proposes a dual compound-Gaussian model with inverse Gaussian texture (CG-IG) distribution model and combines it with an improved Adam algorithm to introduce a method for parameter correction. This method effectively fits sea clutter with heavy-tailed characteristics. Experiments with real measured sea clutter data show that the dual CG-IG distribution model, after parameter correction, accurately describes the heavy-tailed phenomenon in sea clutter amplitude distribution, and the overall mean square error of the distribution is reduced.

Key words: compound-Gaussian model with inverse Gaussian texture (CG-IG) distribution, sea clutter, Adam algorithm, parameter estimation

Zhen LI, Huafeng HE, Tao ZHOU, Qi ZHANG, Xiaofei HAN, Yongquan YOU. Dual CG-IG distribution model for sea clutter and its parameter correction method[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 36(5): 1177-1187.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 37

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Item	Rule
Calculation of the gradient	$ {g_t} = \nabla f({x_t}) $
Calculation of first-order moments	$ {m'_{t + 1}} = {\beta _1}{m'_t} + (1 - {\beta _1}){g_t} $
Calculation of second-order moments	$ {m''_{t + 1}} = {\beta _2}{m''_t} + (1 - {\beta _2})g_t^2 $
Deviation correction	$ {\bar {m}}^{\prime }=\dfrac{{{m}'_{t+1}}}{1-{\beta }_{1}^{t}},{\bar {m}}''=\dfrac{{{m}''_{t+1}}}{1-{\beta }_{2}^{t}} $
Updating parameters	$ {x}_{t+1}={x}_{t}-\dfrac{\eta }{\sqrt{{\bar {m}}''+\epsilon }}{\bar {m}}' $

Item	Rule
Calculation of the gradient	$ {g_t} = \nabla f({x_t}) $
Normalization of the gradient	$ {\hat g_{{t}}} = {g_t}\sqrt {\displaystyle\sum\limits_{n = 1}^N {g_n^2} } $
Calculation of first-order moments	$ {m'_{t + 1}} = {\beta _1}{m'_t} + (1 - {\beta _1}){\hat g_t} $
Calculation of second-order moments	$ {m''_{t + 1}} = {\beta _2}{m''_t} + (1 - {\beta _2})\hat g_t^2 $
Deviation correction	$ {\bar {m}}^{\prime }=\dfrac{{{m}^{\prime }_{t+1}}}{1-{\beta }_{1}^{t}},{\bar {m}}''=\dfrac{{{m}''_{t+1}}}{1-{\beta }_{2}^{t}} $
Updating parameters	$ {x}_{t+1}={x}_{t}-\dfrac{\eta }{\sqrt{{\bar {m}}''+\epsilon}}{\bar {m}}^{\prime } $

Method	Resolution 9 m		Resolution 15 m		Resolution 30 m		Resolution 60 m
Method	Parameter	MSE	Parameter	MSE	Parameter	MSE	Parameter	MSE
IML	v=1.09 b=1.44	3.7468	v=1.65 b=1.47	2.3916	v=1.26 b=1.66	2.6297	v=0.79 b=1.64	0.0576
MOM	v=0.21 b=1.57	1.5166	v=0.54 b=1.51	0.4360	v=0.41 b=1.73	0.7330	v=0.71 b=1.65	0.0222
OP1	v=3.58 b=1.12	0.0052	v=2.89 b=1.36	0.0052	v=2.74 b=1.33	0.2485	v=0.84 b=1.61	0.0171
OP2	v=3.58 b=1.12 p=12.76 q=0.0338	0.0075	v=2.89 b=1.36 p=11.06 q=0.0151	0.0060	v=2.74 b=1.33 p=6.28 q=0.0603	0.2560	v=0.84 b=1.61 p=15.48 q=0.0025	0.0171

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Dual CG-IG distribution model for sea clutter and its parameter correction method

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