SAR regional all-azimuth observation orbit design for target 3D reconstruction

doi:10.23919/JSEE.2023.000161

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 609-618.doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2023.000161

• DEFENCE ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles

SAR regional all-azimuth observation orbit design for target 3D reconstruction

Yanan WANG¹(), Chaowei ZHOU²^,*(), Aifang LIU²(), Qin MAO³()

¹ Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology, Beijing 100094, China
² Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing 210012, China
³ Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China

Received:2021-12-09 Accepted:2023-10-20 Online:2024-06-18 Published:2024-06-19
Contact: Chaowei ZHOU E-mail:aaa123@yahoo.cn;zcwlzyz@163.com;lafsx@163.com;Mq199311@163.com
About author:
WANG Yanan was born in 1979. She received her Master ’s degree in photogrammetry and remote sensing from the School of Remote Sensing and Information engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, in 2005. She has been working in Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology since 2005. Her research interests is space photogrammetry including processing and applications for airborne and space-borne lidar. E-mail: aaa123@yahoo.cn

ZHOU Chaowei was born in 1993. He received his B.S. degree in electronic engineering in 2015 and Ph. D. degree in signal and information processing in 2021 from Xidian University, Xi’an, China. He is currently working as an engineer in Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology. His research interests are space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system design and target three dimensional reconstructions with SAR system. E-mail: zcwlzyz@163.com

LIU Aifang was born in 1974. He received his B.S. degree in electronic engineering from Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, in 1997, and M.S. degree and Ph.D. degree in communication and information system from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing China, in 2001 and 2004, respectively. He is currently working in Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology. His research interests are design of space-based radar system and synthetic aperture radar system. E-mail: lafsx@163.com

MAO Qin was born in 1993. She received her B.S. degree in communication engineering from Chang’an University, Xi’an, China, in 2016 and M.S. degree in signal and information processing from Xidian University, Xi’an, China, in 2019. She is currently working in Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai, China. Her research interests are synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) and differential InSAR (DInSAR). E-mail: Mq199311@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62001436) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under (BK 20190143; JSGG20190823094603691).

Abstract

Abstract:

Three-dimensional (3D) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) extends the conventional 2D images into 3D features by several acquisitions in different aspects. Compared with 3D techniques via multiple observations in elevation, e.g. SAR interferometry (InSAR) and SAR tomography (TomoSAR), holographic SAR can retrieve 3D structure by observations in azimuth. This paper focuses on designing a novel type of orbit to achieve SAR regional all-azimuth observation (AAO) for embedded targets detection and holographic 3D reconstruction. The ground tracks of the AAO orbit separate the earth surface into grids. Target in these grids can be accessed with an azimuth angle span of 360°, which is similar to the flight path of airborne circular SAR (CSAR). Inspired from the successive coverage orbits of optical sensors, several optimizations are made in the proposed method to ensure favorable grazing angles, the performance of 3D reconstruction, and long-term supervision for SAR sensors. Simulation experiments show the regional AAO can be completed within five hours. In addition, a second AAO of the same area can be duplicated in two days. Finally, an airborne SAR data process result is presented to illustrate the significance of AAO in 3D reconstruction.

Key words: synthetic aperture radar (SAR), orbit design, all-azimuth observation (AAO), three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, successive coverage

Yanan WANG, Chaowei ZHOU, Aifang LIU, Qin MAO. SAR regional all-azimuth observation orbit design for target 3D reconstruction[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 35(3): 609-618.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4

Table 1

Fig 5

Table 2

Fig 6

Fig 7

Fig 8

Fig 9

Fig 10

Table 3

Fig 11

Fig 12

Fig 13

Table 4

References 30

1	DAI E Y, JIN Y Q, HAMASAKI T, et al Three-dimensional stereo reconstruction of buildings using polarimetric SAR images acquired in opposite directions. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2008, 5 (2): 236- 240. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2008.915744
2	LUO Y T, QIU X L, DONG Q, et al A robust stereo positioning solution for multiview spaceborne SAR images based on the range-doppler model. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2021, 19, 4008705.
3	YAGUE-MARTINEZ N, PRATS-IRAOLA P, GONZALEZ F R, et al Interferometric processing of sentinel-1 TOPS data. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2016, 54 (4): 2220- 2234. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2497902
4	CASAGLI N, BIANCHINI S, CIAMPALINI A, et al. Sentinel-1 InSAR data for the continuous monitoring of ground deformation and infrastructures at regional scale. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021.
5	ZHU X X, BAMLER R Superresolving SAR tomography for multidimensional imaging of urban areas: compressive sensing-based TomoSAR inversion. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2014, 31 (4): 51- 58. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2014.2312098
6	YU H Y, ZHANG Z J The performance of relative height metrics for estimation of forest above-ground biomass using L- and X-bands TomoSAR data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2021, 14, 1857- 1871. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3051081
7	PONCE O, PRATS-IRAOLA P, SCHEIBER R, et al First airborne demonstration of holographic SAR tomography with fully polarimetric multicircular acquisitions at L-band. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2016, 54 (10): 6170- 6196. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2582959
8	DONG F, AN D X, CHEN L P, et al Holographic SAR tomography 3-D reconstruction based on iterative adaptive approach and generalized likelihood ratio test. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2021, 59 (1): 305- 315. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.2994201
9	PALM S, ORIOT H M, CANTALLOUBE H M Radargrammetric DEM extraction over urban area using circular SAR imagery. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2012, 50 (11): 4720- 4725. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2191414
10	ZHOU C W, ZHOU Y J, SUO Z Y, et al. Voxel area sculpturing-based 3-D scene reconstruction from single-pass CSAR data. Electronics Letters, 2020, 56(11): 566-567.
11	CHEN L P, AN D X, HUANG X T, et al A 3D reconstruction strategy of vehicle outline based on single-pass single-polarization CSAR data. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 2017, 26 (11): 5545- 5554.
12	PONTANI M, TEOFILATTO P Deployment strategies of a satellite constellation for polar ice monitoring. Acta Astronautica, 2022, 193, 346- 356. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.12.008
13	PIPPIA T, PREDA V, BENNANI S, et al. Reconfiguration of a satellite constellation in circular formation orbit with decentralized model predictive control. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10399.
14	RAGGAM H, GUTJAHR K, PERKO R, et al Assessment of the stereo-radargrammetric mapping potential of TerraSAR-X multibeam spotlight data. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010, 48 (2): 971- 977. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2037315
15	TOUTIN T Evaluation of radargrammetric DEM from RADARSAT images in high relief areas. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2000, 38 (2): 782- 789. doi: 10.1109/36.842007
16	LI Y S, CHEN L P, AN D X, et al A novel DEM extraction method based on chain correlation of CSAR subaperture images. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2021, 14, 8718- 8728. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3088691
17	MORADIKIA M, SAMADI S, HASHEMPOUR H R, et al Video-SAR imaging of dynamic scenes using low-rank and sparse decomposition. IEEE Trans. on Computational Imaging, 2021, 7, 384- 398. doi: 10.1109/TCI.2021.3069762
18	KITAJIMA N, SETO R, DAI Y, et al Potential of a SAR small-satellite constellation for rapid monitoring of flood extent. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13 (10): 1959. doi: 10.3390/rs13101959
19	MENG J, BAI Y Q Constant-level spatio-temporal integrated search algorithm for repeating sun-synchronous orbit satellite images. International Journal of Digital Earth, 2019, 14 (8): 16.
20	BREIT H, FRITZ T, BALSS U, LACHAISE M, et al TerraSAR-X SAR processing and products. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010, 48 (2): 727- 740. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2035497
21	AORPIMAI M, PALMER P L Repeat-groundtrack orbit acquisition and maintenance for earth-observation satellites. Journal of Guidance Control & Dynamics, 2007, 30 (3): 786- 793.
22	ABDELKHALIK O, MORTARI D Two-way orbits. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 2006, 94 (4): 399- 410. doi: 10.1007/s10569-006-9001-5
23	VTIPIL S D, NEWMAN B. Determining an efficient repeat ground track method for earth observation satellites: for use in optimization algorithms. Proc. of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, 2010: 654−659.
24	SENGUPTA P, VADALI S R, ALFRIEND K T Satellite orbit design and maintenance for terrestrial coverage. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2010, 47 (1): 177- 187. doi: 10.2514/1.44120
25	POTENTIAL G. Orbital mechanics for engineering students. Elsevier Aerospace Engineering, 2014: 709-722.
26	WERTZ J R. Coverage, responsiveness, and accessibility for various ‘responsive orbits’. Proc. of Responsive Space Conference. http://api.semanticscholar.org/corpusID:124872859.
27	ZHOU Y J, ZHANG L, CAO Y H, et al Optical-and-radar image fusion for dynamic estimation of spin satellites. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 2020, 29, 2963- 2976. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2019.2955248
28	ERTIN E, AUSTIN C D, SHARMA S, et al. GOTCHA experience report: three-dimensional SAR imaging with complete circular apertures. Proceedings of the SPIE, 2007: 6568.
29	AUSTIN C D, ERTIN E, MOSES R L. Sparse multipass 3D SAR imaging: applications to the GOTCHA data set. Proceedings of SPIE, 2009: 7337.
30	DEMING R W Along-track interferometry for simultaneous SAR and GMTI: application to Gotcha challenge data. Proc. of SPIE, 2011, 8051 (5): 361- 372.

Orbit	Repeat cycle/day	View direction
In [5]	~11	In same aspect
In [24]	<1	In close aspects
In this paper	<1	In all azimuth aspects

Parameters	Value
Orbit height ${H_s}$/km	492.23 km
Inclination $i$/(°)	50.43°
RAAN $ \varOmega $/(°)	112.066°
Latitude angle $ {\omega _c} $/(°)	0°
Orbital epoch time	04:00:00.000, May 26, 2020 (UTCG)

Region center latitude	Orbit height/km	In clination/(°)
0^o N	1174.1	15.14
20^o N	802.20	25.82
40^o N	822.50	47.84
60^o N	513.50	65.04
80^o N	545.70	84.87

Result comparison		Length	Width	Height
True Value		4.77	1.89	1.68
Retrieval Value	AAO	4.65	2.04	1.92
Retrieval Value	Non-AAO	5.37	3.68	3.85
Error	AAO	0.12	0.15	0.24
Error	Non-AAO	0.60	1.79	2.17

[1]	Shaopeng WEI, Lei ZHANG, Jingyue LU, Hongwei LIU. Modulated-ISRJ rejection using online dictionary learning for synthetic aperture radar imagery [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 35(2): 316-329.
[2]	Siyu CHEN, Yong WANG, Rui CAO. A high frequency vibration compensation approach for ultrahigh resolution SAR imaging based on sinusoidal frequency modulation Fourier-Bessel transform [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(4): 894-905.
[3]	Xiuli KOU, Guanyong WANG, Jun LI, Jie CHEN. Coherent change detection of fine traces based on multi-angle SAR observations [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(1): 1-8.
[4]	Man ZHANG, Guanyong WANG, Feiming WEI, Xue JIN. Coherent range-dependent map-drift algorithm for improving SAR motion compensation [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(1): 47-55.
[5]	He TIAN, Chunzhu DONG, Hongcheng YIN, Li YUAN. Airborne sparse flight array SAR 3D imaging based on compressed sensing in frequency domain [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34(1): 56-67.
[6]	Hao FENG, Jianzhong WU, Lu ZHANG, Mingsheng LIAO. Unsupervised change detection of man-made objects using coherent and incoherent features of multi-temporal SAR images [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 33(4): 896-906.
[7]	Kai ZHOU, Daojing LI, Anjing CUI, Dong HAN, He TIAN, Haifeng YU, Jianbo DU, Lei LIU, Yu ZHU, Running ZHANG. Sparse flight spotlight mode 3-D imaging of spaceborne SAR based on sparse spectrum and principal component analysis [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(5): 1143-1151.
[8]	Xuying XIONG, Gen LI, Yanheng MA, Lina CHU. New slant range model and azimuth perturbation resampling based high-squint maneuvering platform SAR imaging [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(3): 545-558.
[9]	Jing FANG, Shaohai HU, Xiaole MA. SAR image de-noising via grouping-based PCA and guided filter [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 32(1): 81-91.
[10]	Ying LI, Guanghong GONG, Lin SUN. A fast, accurate and dense feature matching algorithm for aerial images [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 31(6): 1128-1139.
[11]	Wensheng CHANG, Haihong TAO, Yanbin LIU, Guangcai SUN. Design of synthetic aperture radar low-intercept radio frequency stealth [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 31(1): 64-72.
[12]	Chun LIU, Chunhua XIE, Jian YANG, Yingying XIAO, Junliang BAO. A method for coastal oil tank detection in polarimetric SAR images based on recognition of T-shaped harbor [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 29(3): 499-509.
[13]	Rui Zhang and Min Zhang. SAR target recognition based on active contour without edges [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2017, 28(2): 276-281.
[14]	Xianghui Yuan and Tao Liu. Texture invariant estimation of equivalent number of looks based on log-cumulants in polarimetric radar imagery [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2017, 28(1): 58-.
[15]	Hongyin Shi, Qiuxiao Zhou, Xiaoyan Yang, and Qiusheng Lian. SAR imaging method for sea scene target based on improved phase retrieval algorithm [J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2016, 27(6): 1176-1182.

SAR regional all-azimuth observation orbit design for target 3D reconstruction

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

Share this article

Figures/Tables 17

References 30

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments